13,700,000,000 billion years
The creation of the Universe, within a billion years, Milky Way Galaxy forms.
4,560,000,000 B.C.
The star Sol ignites. Within the next 30 million years, the celestial body known as Earth and the celestial body known as the Moon will form. 
4,500,000,000 B.C.
A rock is blasted off the surface of Mars by a meteor impact. After floating in space, it eventually enters the atmosphere of Earth, and lands in Siberia. It contains dormant biological organisms capable of entering living bodies. (4x10 Terma and NASA)
35,000 B.C.
Two human hunters follow a line of footprints through the snow and enter an ice cave in what is now northern Texas, during the last ice age. The first human is killed, but the second kills the alien. One of the hunters are infected by the Black Oil. (Fight the Future) 
Circa 1200
The first verbal history of mysterious lights on Brown Mountain occurs, based on Cherokee Indian legends.
Circa 1300
The Anasazi culture disappears in the Southwest. Attacked or invaded by aliens, some of their elders hide in one particular pueblo that contains magnetite, protecting them from discovery by the aliens. (9x19/20 The Truth)
1771
Geraud de Brahm, a German engineer and the first white man to explore the region now known as North Carolina reports what has come to be known as the "Brown Mountain Lights." (Historical) 
Circa 1800
Contradictory evidence suggests that around this year an Extraterrestrial Biological Entity may have been frozen in ice near a glacier in the Yukon Territory. The other possibility is that the body found in 1997 could also be a hoax. (4x24 Gethsemane)
Late 1800s
There is limited evidence that other enclaves of aliens may exist in other parts of the country, such as Georgia. (6x20 The Unnatural)
January 1, 1895
The Birth of J. Edgar Hoover (Historical)
1908
The US Government Special Agent Force is renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation. (Historical)
June 30, 1908
At Tunguska, in Russian Siberia, a huge explosion occurs, laying waste to a 1200 square miles. No scientific study team reaches the site until 1927. (Historical) 
1925
The Well Manicured Man is born, based on age of actor John Neville.
Arthur Dales is born, based on age of Darrin McGavin. (5x15 Travelers)
Albert Hosteen is born in Navaho land. (7x04 Amor Fati.) 
Circa 1931
Cigarette Smoking Man is born.
March 1, 1932
The Federal Bureau of Investigation assists with solving the Lindbergh kidnapping. (Historical)
1934
Amy Cassandra is born. She will eventually believe that she is the victim of alien abductions. (4x23 Demons)
1936
Bill Mulder is born. Based on the cemetery marker in 8x01 Within. 
Josh Exley is born in the Macon, Georgia, area. He will disappear at age 6. (6x20 The Unnatural)
1940s
Scientists of Germany's Third Reich conduct a series of experiments on unwilling human subjects, they were intended to be the basis for a eugenics program to improve the race. (Historical) 
After Germany surrenders, many of the scientists of the German eugenics program are brought to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip. (Historical) 
A German industrialist named Strughold flees Germany, apparently after the downfall of the Reich. He takes up residence in Tunis. (Fight the Future)
1940
Margaret Scully is born circa this year.
1941
Teena Mulder is born. (Based on the cemetery marker in 8x01 Within. Note that the spelling of her name is sometimes also seen as "Tina.")
1942
A Japanese medical unit, 731, conducts human experimentation similar to that of German Victor Klemper, experimenting on human subjects. Takeo Ishimaru is a leader of the effort. (3x10 731)
1944
Navaho Albert Hosteen serves in the US military as a "code talker." (2x25 Anasazi) 
Early August 1945
A B-29 transporting a nuclear bomb similar to those used on Japan, and an escort squadron of P-51 Mustangs, crash after an encounter with a triangular-shaped UFO, known to pilots as a Foo Fighter. 
The United States submarine Zeus Faber, under Captain Sandford and XO Johansen, is dispatched to locate the planes, which it does, Sandford is exposed to the black oil. Of 144 men, only 7 survive, some of whom are hospitalized for years. The UFO and the aircraft are abandoned on the ocean floor. (3x09 Nisei, 3x10 731, 3x15 Piper Maru & 3x16 Apocrypha)
1946
The Unexplained Phenomenon cases are initially filed under "U" in the Washington DC FBI office. They will later be moved to the roomier "X" drawer and will come to be known as "X-Files". (5x15 Travelers)
December 3, 1946
Bert and Loretta Barry's first child is born in Greensboro, NC. The boy, who would later become an FBI agent as an adult, is christened Duane. (2x05 Duane Barry)
July 4, 1947
The alleged Roswell New Mexico UFO incident, on or about this date. (Historical accounts.)
As a result of whatever happens at Roswell, a secret government project begins within the State Department to investigate and study the aliens, with assistance from German and Japanese war criminals. (2x25 Anasazi) 
September 24, 1947
It is reported that in 1947, the Top Secret US Government project known as Majestic 12, or MJ-12, is created, possibly by order of President Truman on 24 September, 1947. (Popular reports and 4x07 Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man) 
1949
Melvin Frohike is born, based on the age of actor Tom Braidwood.
1950s
Young military officers Bill Mulder and Alvin Kurtzweil are recruited to "the Project." Kurtzweil eventually becomes disillusioned, and leaves. (Fight the Future)
According to Deep Throat, the federal government learns that the Soviets are experimenting with eugenics in order to attempt to develop a super soldier. The project comes to be called the Litchfield Experiment. (1x10 Eve) 
1952
Walter Sergei Skinner is born.
Circa 1952
The Unexplained Phenomenon cases are initially filed under "U" in the Washington DC FBI office. They will later be moved to the roomier "X" drawer and will come to be known as "X-Files". (5x15 Travelers)
1953
Majestic begins flying aircraft using antigravity propulsion systems. It is learned that antigravity propulsion operates by bending space-time, lost time is a symptom of such systems. (6x04 Dreamland).
1959
John Doggett is born, based on turning 18 in 1977, which is inferred from his resume seen in 8x01 Within.
1960
According to the Bounty Hunter posing as Ambrose Chapel, early in the cold war the Soviets gain the capability of cloning in a program called "Gregor." (2x16 Colony and 2x17 End Game)
August 7, 1960
David Duchovny's birthday.
September 19, 1961
Betty and Barney Hill have an encounter with a UFO on a rural stretch of highway between Lancaster and Concord, New Hampshire. By 1964, they come to believe they were abducted by aliens. (Popular and Historical Accounts)
October 13, 1961
Fox William Mulder is born on Friday the 13th, son of William and Teena Mulder. (7x04 The Sixth Extinction II: Amor Fati)
1961
William and Maggie Scully are married in this year, or earlier.
1962
Melissa Scully is born. (Based on her gravestone, seen in 3x16 Apocrypha.)
1963
Diana Fowley is born circa this year.
At some point early in the Litchfield Experiment, Eve 7 escapes. She is raised by a geneticist employed by the experiment and grows up relatively normal, by the standard of the other Eves. (1x10 Eve) 
November 22, 1963
John Fitzgerald Byers is born. His parents name him after the assassinated President. (5x01 Unusual Suspects)
January 22, 1964
Samantha T. Mulder is born.
February 23, 1964
Dana Katherine Scully is born to William and Margaret "Maggie" Scully. (2x08 One Breath)
1967
Richard "Ringo" Langly is born circa this year.
Marita Covarrubias is born circa this year.
August 9, 1968
Gillian Anderson's birthday.
1968
The Litchfield Project discovers that at around age 12 the Adam and Eve clones begin to develop psychoses. They have been found to have abnormal strength and IQs up to 265 as the result of having 56 chromosomes. (1x10 Eve)
Circa 1969
A UFO is seen over Hanoi. The Marines attempt unsuccessfully to shoot it down. Deep Throat is with "The Company" at this time. (4x07 Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man)
Apparently referring to the same incident, Deep Throat later tells Mulder that he became one of the three men to have exterminated an alien, with the CIA in Vietnam. (1x16 E.B.E.) 
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Historical Introduction
Prehistory to 1970
1970 to 1992
1992 to 1994
1994 to 1995
1995 to 1996
1996 to 1997
1997 to 1998
1998 to 1999
1999 to 2000
2000 to 2001
2001 to 2002